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Table of Contents
Great Circle Hypotheis
Magnetoclinic Hypothesis
Magnetic-Latitude Hypothesis
Compass Bearings Hypothesis
Suns' Azimuth Hypothesis
Expansion-Contraction Hypothesis
Always Advance Hypothesis
Never Go Back Hypothesis
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A Theoretical Kiepenheuer,
Schmidt-Koenig, and Gibo, Magnetoclinic, Magnetic Latitude, Late Summer and Fall Migration
Route for Eastern Population of Monarch Butterflies
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, in Lower Great Lakes region used as Starting Point
![K/S-K/Gibo magnetoclinc route](../../images/magnetoclinic_gibo.jpg)
Drawing by Diane Scott
Labels
- Joined arrows indicate one possible K/S-K/G Magnetoclinic, Magnetic Latitude late
summer and fall migration route from lower Great Lakes region (i.e. Mississauga,
Ontario).
- Arrows centred on lines of longitude and on or north of the 63° isocline of magnetic
inclination indicate direction of local K/S-K Magnetoclinic routes.
- Arrows south of the 55° isocline of magnetic inclination located along the Sierra
Madre Oriental and in the Gulf also indicate local K/S-K magnetoclinic routes.
- Arrows centred on the 61° isocline and the single arrow centred at 30° latitude,
100° longitude indicates local K/S-K/G Magnetoclinic, Magnetic Latitude routes.
- All other lines, graphics and numbers along margins, are the same as in drawing of
the Kiepenheuer and Schmidt-Koenig
Magnetoclinic late summer and fall route.
Notes
- Drawing shows earlier version of model with band of clockwise rotation extending
between 63° and 57° isoclines and maximum rotation at 61°. Model discussed in text
assumes band extends from 65° to 55° isoclines, with peak clockwise rotation at 60°.
- The location where Brower (1985) indicated that the migrants turn inland,
approximately latitude 23° and longitude 95°, is also their first opportunity, after
detouring around the Gulf and turning SSE to fly along the east slopes of the Sierra Madre
Oriental, for the butterflies to rejoin the K/S-K
Magnetoclinic route that originates in the lower Great Lakes region.
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